PMC

(A) Limb salvage rate of groups classified by distal anastomotic artery was not significantly different (P = 0.059). a, above the knee popliteal bypass; b, below the knee popliteal bypass; c, crural bypass; d, pedal bypass. (B) Graft patency of groups classified by distal anastomotic artery was not significantly different (P = 0.637) a, above the knee popliteal bypass; b, below the knee popliteal bypass; c, crural bypass; d, pedal bypass.

(a) Bypass times during the main experiment showing no difference between study groups. (b) Individual suture times during the main experiment separated for the bypass (control or dual task), task type during the bypass (control, DF, or DB) and first four sutures (BL) showing no differences between study groups. (c) Answer durations during the main experiment for digit repetition without simultaneous bypass training (control DF and DB) and digit repetition times during simultaneous bypass training (bypass DF and DB). (d) The average number of correct digits produced during without simultaneous bypass training, during bypass, and only during bypass is the number of correct answers decreased Error bars represent SD; *P < 0.005, **P < 0.0001; DF, digit repeat forward; DB, digit repeat backward

Schematic drawing and operative photograph of the partial bypass model (A) and total bypass model (B). In contrast to the partial bypass model, there were no luminal contents within the bypass loop in total bypass model. As such, the diameter of the bypassed loop tended to be greater in the partial bypass model compared to the total bypass model.

X-axis: Preoperative and postoperative time points. A: Y-axis: WCS scores; ▲: Mean of WCS in the bypass plus colostomy group; △: Mean of WCS in the bypass group; │: 95% confidence interval of WCS. B: Y-axis: GIQLI scores; ◆: Mean of GIQLI in the bypass plus colostomy group; ◇: Mean of GIQLI in the bypass group; │: 95% confidence interval of GIQLI. C: Y-axis: NRS scores; ■: Mean of NRS in the bypass plus colostomy group; □: Mean of NRS in the bypass group; │: 95% confidence interval of NRS. D: Y-axis: ABS scores; ●: Mean of ABS in the bypass plus colostomy group; ○: Mean of ABS in the bypass group; │: 95% confidence interval of ABS. WCS: Wexner constipation scale; GIQLI: Gastrointestinal quality of life index; ABS: Abdominal bloating score; NRS: Numerical rating scale.